09 Apr 2025
Credit: Sue Smith

As spring unfolds across the UK, one of the most eagerly anticipated events for bird enthusiasts is the return of the sand martins. These agile, brown and white birds are among the first migrants to arrive, appearing from mid-March onwards after their long journey from wintering grounds in Africa.

The Countryside team is excited to announce that the sand martins have arrived at Seaton Wetlands!

The nature reserve features a specially constructed sand martin cliff, designed to encourage these birds to nest. For the last three years, the cliff has been a hub of activity, as a sand martin colony has established itself, returning each year to build nests and breed.

Sand martins prefer to nest in colonies, excavating burrows in steep, sandy banks near water. The tunnels they create can extend up to a metre in length, ending in a chamber where they lay four to five eggs.

Over the past 50 years, the European sand martin population has declined significantly, due to drought in their African wintering grounds and loss of suitable habitat in Europe. Where natural habitat is scarce, sand martins will happily use man-made alternatives such as the cliff at Seaton Wetlands.

Situated beside a pond, the cliff provides an ideal nesting location, with easy access to food and water. It also offers visitors a chance to observe these remarkable birds up close. Last summer, the sand martins at Seaton Wetlands successfully raised two broods - and we’re hopeful for an even busier season in 2025!

How to identify a sand martin

Sand martins are the smallest of the European hirundines (the group that includes swallows and martins). They have dark brown upperparts and dark underwings, contrasting with pale underparts divided by a distinctive dark chest band.

Look for:

  • Grey-brown back (lacking the white rump of a house martin)
  • White underside with a brown band across the chest
  • Narrower wings than a house martin
  • Short, only slightly forked tail
  • Smaller and slimmer than both swallows and house martins

Where to spot sand martins at Seaton Wetlands

You’ll find the sand martin cliff next to the pond near the Discovery Hut, at the heart of Seaton Wetlands. Benches around the pond make it a perfect spot for relaxed birdwatching.

The Discovery Hut is the go-to point for information, nature activities and refreshments. It’s also equipped with a camera on one of the sand martin nest boxes - giving visitors a live view of the action inside!

Discovery Hut Opening Times:

Summer (Easter holidays – September):
Tuesday–Thursday: 11am–1pm
Friday–Monday: 11am–3pm

Winter (September – Easter):
Tuesday–Thursday: 11am–1pm
Friday–Monday: 11am–3pm
(Opening times subject to volunteer availability)

Happy birdwatching!